A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of the Effect of Chatbot Technology Use in Sustainable Education

The development of artificial intelligence in recent years has promoted the use chatbot technology sustainable education. Many studies examined effect chatbots on learning outcomes. However, scant summarized effectiveness aim study is to investigate chatbot-assisted various components and how different moderator variables influenced effectiveness. This study, through a meta-analysis, reviewed 32 empirical with 2201 participants published between 2010 2022. results showed that exerted medium-to-high overall outcomes regardless variables, i.e., intervention duration, roles, content. In terms components, could significantly improve explicit reasoning, achievement, knowledge retention, interest despite negative findings critical thinking, engagement, motivation. Future research expand by including components.